In the US, officially, material cannot be classified to save face or because it would make the government look bad (I’m sure this has happened, even if it’s something like: if it makes (official) look bad that will undermine our country’s strength and therefore cause serious damage to national security or whatever).

Secret material is defined as information that could cause serious damage and Top Secret is exceptionally grave damage. And I suspect a lot of classified information does need to be kept classified, either to protect sources or plans of actions or enemy intelligence or even friendly capabilities.

Reminds me of three word location.